The question 'why aren't there more women conductors?' remains as relevant in today's music industry as it always has been.
At the end of 2014, music listings website Bachtrack reported that, in a list of the world's 150 top conductors that year, only five were women.
Then, at the Association of British Orchestra's conference earlier this year, Southbank Sinfonia's managing director James Murphy revealed that just 5.5% of conductors represented by classical music management companies were women.
There are several women, though, whose work against this trend has been instrumental in getting superb female conductors seen on the podiums of the world's greatest stages and they are worth celebrating.
1. Marin AlsopMarin Alsop made history when she became the first female to conduct a major US symphony orchestra when appointed to the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra in 2007. Six years later she made history again when she became the first ever woman to conduct the Last Night of the Proms. Watch her speech at that historic Last Night in the video below.
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2. Gisèle Ben-DorCurrently conductor laureate of the Santa Barbara Symphony, the Uruguayan conductor has won particular praise for her performances of South American works.
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3. Odaline de la MartinezMartinez is the conductor who holds the historic record for being the first woman ever to conduct at the BBC Proms. The Cuban-born musician is founder of the Lontano Chamber Orchestra and the European Women’s Orchestra.
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4. Sian EdwardsEnglish conductor Sian Edwards shot to prominence as music director at English National Opera between 1993 and 95. She conducted a programme of Britten, Holst, Berkeley and Tippett with the Britten Sinfonia at the 2013 Proms.
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5. JoAnn FallettaMusic director of Buffalo Philharmonic and the Virginia Symphony orchestras, Falletta has made a reputation for herself recording important but seldom-heard works.
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6. Jane GloverThe former music director of the London Mozart Players and Glyndebourne Touring Opera appeared regularly on TV in the 1980s. Currently music director of Chicago’s Music of the Baroque, Glover is also director of opera at the Royal Academy of Music.
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7. Emmanuelle HaïmHaïm is a brilliant French Baroque specialist who has set the opera world alight with her own Le Concert d’Astrée ensemble.
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8. Susanna MälkkiFinnish conductor and music director of the Ensemble intercontemporain, Susanna Mälkki made her debut with the Berlin Philharmonic in 2009.
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9. Andrea QuinnThe British conductor Andrea Quinn, former music director of The Royal Ballet and New York City Ballet, has conducted most of the world’s leading ballet companies.
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10. Simone YoungThe Australian conductor Simone Young’s posts have included chief conductor of Opera Australia and – currently – the Hamburg Philharmonic. She became familiar to TV audiences as a judge on the BBC’s Maestro! TV series in 2008.
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11. Xian ZhangDirector of the Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi since 2009, Chinese American conductor Xian Xhang conducted a programme of Verdi arias with Joseph Calleja at the 2013 Proms and regularly guest conducts the London Symphony Orchestra and Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra.
Along with Alsop, Young, Glover and Falletta, she was listed among the world's top five conductors in Bachtrack’s 2014 music trends report. In 2016 she became principal guest conductor of the BBC National Orchestra of Wales.
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12. Barbara HanniganAlready famous as a soprano, performing roles like Berg’s Lulu, Handel oratorios or cutting-edge contemporary new music, Barbara Hannigan has also made a name for herself as a conductor, beginning in 2011 with Ligeti’s Mysteries of the Macabre (below).
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13. Alice FarnhamA British conductor who trained at the St Petersburg Conservatoire, Alice Farnham (below) has an international reputation working with the Mariinsky Theatre in Stravinsky’s Rape of Lucretia and at the Royal Opera House.
She is keen to inspire the next generation of conducting talent and is artistic director of the Women Conductors with the Royal Philharmonic Society programme.
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14. Mirga Gražinytė-TylaThe Lithuanian conductor made newspaper headlines when she was named as the new chief conductor of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra (CBSO) in 2016, at the age of 29. She is the first woman to hold that post and only the third female chief conductor of a major British orchestra. Previously associate conductor at the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Gražinytė-Tyla is also music director of the Salzburg Landestheater in Austria.
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15. Elim ChanThe first female winner of the Donatella Flick Conducting Competition, in 2014, Hong Kong-born Chan was assisstant conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra from 2015-16. She is now chief conductor at Norrlands Opera in Umea, Sweden, and has been appointed a Dudamel Fellow at the LA Philharmonic.
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16. Han-Na ChangThe highly regarded cellist made the switch to conducting in 2007, and has worked with a host of prestigious orhestras. After a bruising experience with the Qatar Philharmonic, she's set to become chief conductor of Trondheim Symphony Orchestra.
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17. Joana CarneiroPortuguese Carneiro is music director of the Berkeley Symphony and principal conductor of the Orquestra Sinfonica Portuguesa. She came to attention with the successful UK premiere of John Adams's The Gospel According to the Other Mary at English National Opera.
18. Alondra de la ParraAlondra de la Parra was just 23 when she founded her own ensemble, the Philharmonic Orchestra of the Americas. In 2010, they recorded their first disc together. The Mexican is now principal conductor of the Queensland Symphony Orchestra.
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19. Laurence EquilbeyConductor and musical director of the historically informed Insula Orchestra and Accentus choir, Laurence Equilbey is one of France's leading conductors. She also runs the Paris's newest concert hall, La Seine Musicale.
